The Treg-stromal cell axis serves as a central regulator of tissue repair and immune tolerance. (IMAGE)

Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd.

The Treg-stromal cell axis serves as a central regulator of tissue repair and immune tolerance.

Caption

The Treg-stromal cell axis serves as a central regulator of tissue repair and immune tolerance. During homeostasis, bidirectional crosstalk between Tregs and stromal cells regulates inflammation resolution, immune tolerance, and full tissue restoration, mediated by cell-surface molecular contacts, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular vesicles. Persistent tissue injury disrupts this homeostatic balance, leading to unresolved inflammation, pathological fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders. The elucidation of in vivo signaling pathways provides a theoretical foundation for Treg cell therapy, stromal cell modulation, targeted biologics, and precision medicine strategies stratified according to dysregulated subtypes.

Credit

Rheumatology & Autoimmunity

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