The changing landscape of steps and healthcare costs (IMAGE)

Osaka Metropolitan University

The changing landscape of steps and healthcare costs

Caption

A three-dimensional surface of predicted 6-month healthcare expenditures (in JPY) across age and daily step counts among 20,950 health-app users in Osaka, Japan. Predicted costs peak in the “older age, low steps” region (yellow) and descend steeply toward a valley near 11,000 steps a day (dark blue), while the surface remains comparatively flat for middle-aged adults. The surface visualizes model-based predictions from an additive model and describes associations, not causal effects. An interactive, rotatable version of this surface is available at https://harukakato-omu.github.io/steps-healthcare-cost-gam/.

Credit

Haruka Kato, Osaka Metropolitan University

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