Tropical Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperature gradients modulate the summer Atlantic Niño–winter ENSO connection (IMAGE)

Innovation Press

Tropical Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperature gradients modulate the summer Atlantic Niño–winter ENSO connection

Caption

  • Wind–evaporation–sea surface temperature (SST) feedback regulates tropical Atlantic zonal SST gradients.
  • Weak zonal SST gradients strengthen the cross-basin Walker circulation linking the Atlantic Niño to ENSO.
  • Tropical Pacific SST gradients reinforce the Walker circulation and the Atlantic Niño–ENSO connection.

Credit

Ma J., Gui S., Cai L., et al., (2026). Tropical Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperature gradients modulate the summer Atlantic Niño–winter ENSO connection. The Innovation 7(10), 101502.

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