A smart fiber-optic towed hydrophone array for open-sea cruising observation (IMAGE)
Caption
A survey vessel tows a 770 m hybrid fibre-optic cable in which an interferometric section (128 hydrophones over 104 m, blue) provides high-signal-to-noise acoustic detection while a distributed acoustic sensing section (32 elements at 5 m spacing over 160 m, red) also senses its own depth and the ocean wave field. Both sections use identical air-backed mandrels (42 mm long, 11.6 mm outer diameter) but differ in wound-fibre length and optical readout. In the open-sea trial the array was towed about 500 m astern, and a cooperative acoustic source 5.7 km away provided 1 kHz test pulses. Adapted from Figure 1A of the published article.
Credit
Li S., Chai Q., Jia M., et al., (2026). A smart fiber-optic towed hydrophone array for open-sea cruising observation. The Innovation 7(9), 101534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101534
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License
CC BY-NC-ND