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The results of evaluation of the clinical diagnostic criteria for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in Japanese children are summarized (A-D). Total of 137 patients including 16 patients with positive anti-NMDA receptor antibody were included in the study (A). Over 80% of antibody-positive patients fulfill the criteria, suggesting the clinical diagnostic criteria has high sensitivity (B), however, only about 30% of the children who fulfill the criteria actually tested positive in the antibody analysis in our cohort (C). Most of the children without the antibody, but fulfilled the criteria (false positive cases) were diagnosed with a neuroimmunological disease (D). Collectively, physicians should start immunomodulatory therapy when their patients fulfill the diagnostic criteria.
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