Neandertal Ancestry and the Immune System (IMAGE) Cell Press Caption This visual abstract depicts how genetic variants enriched in population specific signals of natural selection and, among Europeans, of Neandertal ancestry play a major role in the differences in transcriptional responses to inflammatory and infectious challenges observed between human populations. Credit Quach et al./<i>Cell</i> 2016 Usage Restrictions Credit Required. License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.