Bidirectional Freeze-Casting (IMAGE) DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Caption SEM images of xz cross-sections perpendicular to the cold finger show that in conventional freeze-casting (A&D), nucleation produces a disordered layer of ceramic particles. Under bidirectional freeze-casting (C&F), with dual temperature gradients, ice crystals grow both vertically and horizontally into a well-aligned lamellar structure. Credit Image courtesy of Berkeley Lab Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.