Lithiation/Delithiation (IMAGE) DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory Caption The top row shows how tin particles evolve in three dimensions during the first two lithiation -- delithiation cycles in the model lithium-ion rechargeable battery cell. The bottom row shows 'cross-sectional' images of a single tin particle during the first two cycles. Severe fracture and pulverization occur during the initial stage of cycling. The particle stays mechanically stable after the first cycle, while the electrochemical reaction proceeds reversibly. Credit Courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory Usage Restrictions May be used with stories about this research. License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.