Quantum Voltage Noise Source (IMAGE)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Quantum Voltage Noise Source

Caption

This quantum voltage noise source (QVNS) provides a fundamentally accurate voltage signal that can be compared to the voltage noise from electrons in a resistor. Measuring the voltage noise enabled researchers to determine the Boltzmann constant, which relates an energy of a system to its temperature.

Credit

Dan Schmidt/NIST

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