Violence in Africa (IMAGE)
Caption
The graphic shows data covering the period from the year in which a country became independent -- until 2013. Up to end of the Cold War in 1989 the numbers are especially striking: 30 of the 32 major civil wars in Africa occurred in countries with a precolonial state -- despite the fact that countries without PCS groups accounted for only 39 percent of observations in the data set. In short, almost every major civil war in sub-Saharan Africa during the Cold War era occurred in a country with a PCS, or precolonial state, group.
Credit
Jack Paine and Stephen Dow/University of Rochester
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