Princeton Researchers reveal <i>E. coli</i>’s ‘Optimism' (IMAGE) Princeton University Caption E. coli bacteria have different solutions to cope with different types of nutrient deprivation, including an ‘optimistic’ response to carbon limitations, according to a team of Princeton researchers, including (from left) Professor Zemer Gitai, associate research scholar Zhiyuan Li, graduate student Hsin-Jung (Sophia) Li and Professor Ned Wingreen. Carbon-limited cells generate a large number of inactive assembly lines (ribosomes), nitrogen-limited cells turn out proteins more slowly, and phosphorous-limited cells use only half as many assembly lines to generate the same number of proteins. Credit Photo by Danielle Alio, Princeton University Office of Communications Usage Restrictions Credit photo by Danielle Alio, Princeton University Office of Communications License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.