Figure 1 (IMAGE)

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Figure 1

Caption

When cells are frozen with PLL-(0.65), the freezing process concentrates the PLL-(0.65) molecules, which in turn causes them to aggregate because of strong intermolecular attractive forces. This aggregation of PLL-(0.65) traps ions and water in the matrix to prevent any dramatic osmotic change. The thick polymer matrix inhibits the inflow of extracellular ice into the cells, which avoids the problem of intracellular ice formation (IIF).

Credit

Picture courtesy: Kazuaki Matsumura from the JAIST

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