News Release

如果一开始大人没有成功,宝宝则更可能会一再尝试

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

If at First Adults Don't Succeed, Babies Are More Likely to Try, Try Again

image: A handoff: Either the infant hands the toy to the parent or throws the toy to the ground. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Sept. 22, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by J.A. Leonard at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, and colleagues was titled, "Infants make more attempts to achieve a goal when they see adults persist." view more 

Credit: Julia Anne Leonard

据科学家报告,看到成年人为达目的而不怕失败反复尝试的宝宝在自己面对困难考验时更可能会坚持不懈。这些结果表明,婴儿会从成年人的榜样中学会不屈不饶,宝宝可通过观察其他人的坚韧性而吸收如何做人的抽象概念。有关学会顶住最初失败的学龄期儿童会在日后变得更为成功的证据正在不断浮现,但科学家们一直无法确定非常小的宝宝是否会从成年人那里直接学到“坚韧不拔的勇气”。为了确定婴儿是否能通过观察成年人的顽强精神而学会坚韧不拔,Julia Leonard 和同事对15个月大的孩子在看到成年人做出不同程度努力后会持续多长时间完成某项作业进行了检测。有些宝宝会看大人在经过30秒的努力后成功地完成了2件事情之一(即打开容器或从钥匙圈上取下一个玩具),另一组的婴儿则会看到成年人毫不费力地在10秒内完成这一作业,第三组的宝宝(基线组)则没有看到成年人所做的任何示范。当宝宝们接着完成解决某困难问题的作业(即通过按压一个无效的按钮来启动玩具音乐盒)时,那些看到大人通过努力而成功的婴儿会比那些看到成年人毫不费力就能完成作业或那些基线状态的宝宝更多次地尝试该令人沮丧的努力。科学家们在一个跟踪实验中(即做出示范的大人并非直接当着宝宝解决问题或与宝宝没有眼神接触)也看到了类似的结果,但其效果要弱一些。

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