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Showing releases 1126-1140 out of 1140.

Public Release: 20-Jul-2020
Earth System Dynamics
Geoengineering is just a partial solution to fight climate change
Could we create massive sulfuric acid clouds that limit global warming and help meet the 2015 Paris international climate goals, while reducing unintended impacts? Yes, in theory, according to a Rutgers co-authored study in the journal Earth System Dynamics. Spraying sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere at different locations, to form sulfuric acid clouds that block some solar radiation, could be adjusted every year to keep global warming at levels set in the Paris goals. Such technology is known as geoengineering or climate intervention.
National Science Foundation, Indiana University, U.S. Department of Energy, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Netherlands Earth System Science Centre and Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

Contact: Todd Bates
todd.bates@rutgers.edu
848-932-0550
Rutgers University

Public Release: 20-Jul-2020
GSA Bulletin
Arizona rock core sheds light on triassic dark ages
A rock core from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, has given scientists a powerful new tool to understand how catastrophic events shaped Earth's ecosystems before the rise of the dinosaurs. The core offers scientists a foundation to explain the changes in the fossil record and determine how these events may have shaped life on Earth.
National Science Foundation, International Continental Drilling Program

Contact: Monica Kortsha
mkortsha@jsg.utexas.edu
832-768-0915
University of Texas at Austin

Public Release: 20-Jul-2020
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Homes of wealthy Americans have carbon footprints 25% higher than lower-income residences
The homes of wealthy Americans generate about 25% more greenhouse gases than residences in lower-income neighborhoods, mainly due to their larger size. In the nation's most affluent suburbs, those emissions can be as much as 15 times higher than in nearby lower-income neighborhoods.
National Science Foundation through its Environmental Sustainability program

Contact: Jim Erickson
ericksn@umich.edu
University of Michigan

Public Release: 20-Jul-2020
Nature Geoscience
Scientists discover volcanoes on Venus are still active
A new study identified 37 recently active volcanic structures on Venus. The study provides some of the best evidence yet that Venus is still a geologically active planet. A research paper on the work, which was conducted by researchers at the University of Maryland and the Institute of Geophysics at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
NASA, Swiss National Science Foundation

Contact: Kimbra Cutlip
kcutlip@umd.edu
301-405-9463
University of Maryland

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Scientific Reports
Archaeologists use tooth enamel protein to show sex of human remains
A new method for estimating the biological sex of human remains based on reading protein sequences rather than DNA has been used to study an archaeological site in Northern California. The protein-based technique gave superior results to DNA analysis in studying 55 sets of human remains between 300 and 2,300 years old.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Andy Fell
ahfell@ucdavis.edu
University of California - Davis

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Greenland bedrock drilling project to understand past, future ice sheet melting
Scientists from Penn State, Columbia University, the University at Buffalo and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst recently received a $3 million research grant and $4 million in field operations support from the National Science Foundation for the project to uncover the exact extent, timing and frequency of periods when the Greenland Ice Sheet was much smaller or completely gone.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Patricia Craig
plc103@psu.edu
Penn State

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Researchers studying system impediments to pervasive 360-degree video sharing
Songqing Chen, Professor, Computer Science, Volgenau School of Engineering, and his collaborators are set to begin a project aimed at improving users' ability to share 360-degree videos.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Elizabeth Grisham
egrisham@gmu.edu
703-993-5381
George Mason University

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Marasco examining real-time COVID-19 detection via analysis of sweat metabolite biometrics
Emanuela Marasco, Assistant Professor, Center for Secure Information Systems (CSIS), is working to determine whether COVID-19 could be diagnosed via sweat metabolites.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Elizabeth Grisham
egrisham@gmu.edu
703-993-5381
George Mason University

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Lancet Planetary Health
Pesticides speed the spread of deadly waterborne pathogens
Widespread use of pesticides can speed the transmission of the debilitating disease schistosomiasis, while also upsetting the ecological balances in aquatic environments that prevent infections, finds a new study led by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. The infection, which can trigger lifelong liver and kidney damage, affects hundreds of millions of people every year and is second only to malaria among parasitic diseases, in terms of its global impact on human health.
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Science Foundation, National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center

Contact: Kara Manke
kjmanke@berkeley.edu
University of California - Berkeley

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Scientific Reports
Uplifting of Columbia River basalts opens window on how region was sculpted
Information drawn from analyses of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of materials from exposed Columbia River basalts has provided insights about how magma from volcanic eruptions millions of years ago shaped the region and why those eruptions did not trigger a global extinction event.
US National Science Foundation, Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, Russian Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation

Contact: Jim Barlow
jebarlow@uoregon.edu
541-346-3481
University of Oregon

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Global Change Biology
Baleen whales have changed their distribution in the Western North Atlantic
Researchers using passive acoustic recordings of whale calls to track their movements have found that four of the six baleen whale species found in the western North Atlantic Ocean -- humpback, sei, fin and blue whales -- have changed their distribution patterns in the past decade. The recordings were made over 10 years by devices moored to the seafloor at nearly 300 locations from the Caribbean Sea to western Greenland.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Naval Research, US Navy, National Science Foundation, Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dalhousie University, Cornell University, (see additional list on page 1)

Contact: Shelley Dawicki
shelley.dawicki@noaa.gov
508-495-2378
NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Fox Chase and Ben-Gurion University receive cancer treatment study grant
The research focus is to test the effectiveness of an immune-stimulating antibody developed by BGU researcher Angel Porgador, PhD, to attack multiple myeloma, a blood cell tumor localized in the bone marrow. The antibody helps the immune system kill multiple myeloma tumor cells. Since it may work on many different types of tumors, future research will explore its use as a wide-ranging treatment option for patients with cancer.
United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF)

Contact: Andrew Lavin
alc@alavin.com
516-944-4486
American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Angewandte Chemie
Pressure suppresses carrier trapping in 2D halide perovskite
Here, we show a remarkable PL enhancement by 12 folds using pressure to modulate the structure of a recently developed 2D perovskite (HA)2(GA)Pb2I7 (HA = n?hexylammonium, GA = guanidinium). This structure features an extremely large cage previously unattainable, affording us a rare opportunity to understand the structure?property relationship and explore emergent phenomena in halide perovskites.
NSFC No. 51527801, NSFC No. U1530402

Contact: Haini Dong
donghn@hpstar.ac.cn
86-021-180-177-125
Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Science Advances
Enhanced water repellent surfaces discovered in nature
Through the investigation of insect surfaces, Penn State researchers have detailed a previously unidentified nanostructure that can be used to engineer stronger, more resilient water repellent coatings.
National Science Foundation, the PPG Foundation

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-5689
Penn State

Public Release: 17-Jul-2020
Nature Communications
Predicting the biodiversity of rivers
Biodiversity and thus the state of river ecosystems can now be predicted by combining environmental DNA with hydrological methods, researchers from the University of Zurich and Eawag have found. Using the river Thur as an example, the approach allows areas requiring conservation to be identified in order to initiate protective measures.
Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Zurich Research Priority Program "Global Change and Biodiversity"

Contact: Florian Altermatt
florian.altermatt@ieu.uzh.ch
41-792-229-810
University of Zurich

Showing releases 1126-1140 out of 1140.