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Showing releases 626-650 out of 1151.

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
Drug found to correct gene defect that causes immune-driven gut leakiness
A team of researchers led by biomedical scientist Declan McCole at the University of California, Riverside, has found that the drug tofacitinib, also called Xeljanz and approved by the FDA to treat rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, can repair permeability defects in the intestine. "Our work could help improve identification of patients who will be better responders to this drug," says McCole, a professor of biomedical sciences in the School of Medicine.
National Institutes of Health, Pfizer Inc., Swiss National Science Foundation

Contact: Iqbal Pittalwala
iqbal@ucr.edu
951-827-6050
University of California - Riverside

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Energy & Environmental Science
Generating renewable hydrogen fuel from the sea
The power of the sun, wind and sea may soon combine to produce clean-burning hydrogen fuel, according to a team of Penn State researchers. The team integrated water purification technology into a new proof-of-concept design for a sea water electrolyzer, which uses an electric current to split apart the hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules.
National Science Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, National Academy of Sciences

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-5689
Penn State

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Journal of Hydrology
Redefining drought in the US corn belt
As the climate trends warmer and drier, global food security increasingly hinges on crops' ability to withstand drought. But are scientists and producers focusing on the right metric when measuring crop-relevant drought? Not exactly, according to new research from University of Illinois scientists, who urge the scientific community to redefine the term.
Illinois Nutrient Research & Education Council, National Science Foundation, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Contact: Lauren Quinn
ldquinn@illinois.edu
217-300-2435
University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Transportation Research Part B
Smart cruise control steers drivers toward better decisions
Smart cruise control, better human decisions. Michigan Tech engineers study how cars and trucks move cooperatively on the road, respond to each other's environmental sensors and react as a group to lessen traffic jams and protect the humans inside.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Allison Mills
awmills@mtu.edu
906-231-4271
Michigan Technological University

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
IEEE Access
Harnessing big data and artificial intelligence to predict future pandemic spread
During COVID-19, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to enhance diagnostic efforts, deliver medical supplies and even assess risk factors from blood tests. Now, artificial intelligence is being used to forecast future COVID-19 cases.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Amy Halbert
ahalbert@tamu.edu
Texas A&M University

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Science Advances
Microcomb-injected pulsed lasers as variable microwave gears
Optical frequency combs can link frequencies in the microwave domain to high-purity laser emissions, yielding unprecedented precision in time-keeping and metrology. Now EPFL scientists and their colleagues have generated variable low-noise microwave signals by building variable microwave gears with two compact optical frequency combs.
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office (US), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), SFI/European Regional Development Fund

Contact: Nik Papageorgiou
n.papageorgiou@epfl.ch
41-216-932-105
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Cell Reports
Understanding the effect of aging on the genome
EPFL scientists have measured the molecular footprint that aging leaves on various mouse and human tissues. Using the data, they have identified likely regulators of this central process.
EPFL, European Research Council (ERC), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Swiss Initiative for Systems Biology (AgingX), National Research Foundation of Korea, National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Contact: Nik Papageorgiou
n.papageorgiou@epfl.ch
41-216-932-105
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Scientific Reports
Vanderbilt wearable exosuit that lessens muscle fatigue could redesign the future of work
Zelik and team demonstrate how a clothing-like exoskeleton can reduce back muscle fatigue and providing needed physical relief to material handlers, medical professionals and frontline workers.
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship

Contact: Marissa Shapiro
marissa.shapiro@vanderbilt.edu
Vanderbilt University

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Physical Review Fluids
How everyday speech could transmit viral droplets
High-speed imaging of an individual producing common speech sounds shows that the sudden burst of airflow produced from the articulation of consonants like /p/ or /b/ carry salivary and mucus droplets for at least a meter in front of a speaker.
National Science Foundation

Contact: APS Press Office
media@aps.org
American Physical Society

Public Release: 29-Sep-2020
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Conversation quickly spreads droplets inside buildings
With implications for the transmission of diseases like COVID-19, researchers have found that ordinary conversation creates a conical 'jet-like' airflow that quickly carries a spray of tiny droplets from a speaker's mouth across meters of an interior space.
National Science Foundation

Contact: john sullivan
js29@princeton.edu
Princeton University, Engineering School

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
New approach for earlier detection of Alzheimer's
Won Hwa Kim, an assistant professor of computer science at The University of Texas at Arlington, is using a two-year, $175,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to use machine learning for earlier detection of Alzheimer's disease.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Herb Booth
hbooth@uta.edu
214-546-1082
University of Texas at Arlington

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USC-led study traces the evolution of gill covers
In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences (PNAS), USC Stem Cell scientists and their collaborators have identified a key modification to the genome that led to the evolution of gill covers more than 430 million years ago.
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Science Foundation, A.P. Giannini Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Hearing Health Foundation

Contact: Laura LeBlanc
Laura.leblanc@med.usc.edu
646-825-0821
Keck School of Medicine of USC

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Detecting fake online photos, videos with a computerized brain
Imagine seeing yourself in a fake online photo or video. Cyber attackers are fooling people into believing what they see is true. Now, a University of Missouri researcher is helping design a computerized brain to detect these threats in real-time.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Eric Stann
StannE@missouri.edu
573-882-3346
University of Missouri-Columbia

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Nature Neuroscience
Tone of voice matters in neuronal communication
Neuronal communication is so fast, and at such a small scale, that it is exceedingly difficult to explain precisely how it occurs. An observation in the Neurobiology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), enabled by a custom imaging system, has led to a clear understanding of how neurons communicate with each other by modulating the "tone" of their signal, which previously had eluded the field.
National Science Foundation, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (National Institutes of Health), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (National Institutes of Health), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, McKnight Endowment Fund

Contact: Diana Kenney
dkenney@mbl.edu
508-685-3525
Marine Biological Laboratory

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Princeton researchers join $1M NSF effort to model nation's groundwater
Princeton researchers will help lead a $1 million federally funded project that will use artificial intelligence to simulate the nation's natural groundwater system in an effort to improve groundwater management, as well as flood and drought preparedness. The project was one of 29 nationwide selected for the first phase of the National Science Foundation's new Convergence Accelerator program.
National Science Foundation Convergence Accelerator

Contact: Morgan Kelly
mgnkelly@princeton.edu
609-258-2055
Princeton University

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Astrophysical Journal
Scientists precisely measure total amount of matter in the universe
A top goal in cosmology is to precisely measure the total amount of matter in the universe, a daunting exercise for even the most mathematically proficient. A team led by scientists at the University of California, Riverside, has now done just that.
National Science Foundation, NASA

Contact: Iqbal Pittalwala
iqbal@ucr.edu
951-827-6050
University of California - Riverside

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Frontiers in Endocrinology
MarrowQuant: A new digital-pathology tool
EPFL scientists have developed a digital pathology tool for quantifying bone marrow compartments in standard histological sections. Named 'MarrowQuant', the software makes it possible to examine bone marrow biopsies as well as to re-examine historical collections of bone-marrow samples and even old clinical trials.
Machaon Foundation, Dr. Henri Dubois-Ferrière Dinu Lipatti Leukemia Foundation, Fondation Pierre Mercier pour la science, Anna Fuller fundSwiss National Science Foundation, Leenaards Foundation, Louis-Jeantet Foundation, EPFL, National Institutes

Contact: Nik Papageorgiou
n.papageorgiou@epfl.ch
41-216-932-105
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences
Sentinels of ocean acidification impacts survived Earth's last mass extinction
Two groups of tiny, delicate marine organisms, sea butterflies and sea angels, were found to be surprisingly resilient--having survived dramatic global climate change and Earth's most recent mass extinction event 66 million years ago, according to research published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Amsterdam University Fund, KNAW Ecology Fund, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, National Science Foundation, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology

Contact: Marcie Grabowski
mworkman@hawaii.edu
808-956-3151
University of Hawaii at Manoa

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Nature Sustainability
Natural capital a missing piece in climate policy
Clean air, clean water and a functioning ecosystem are considered priceless. Yet accounting for the economic value of nature has large implications for climate policy, a UC Davis study shows.
National Science Foundation, Hellman Fellowship, UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment Fellowship, Fulbright-García Robles Scholarship

Contact: Kat Kerlin
kekerlin@ucdavis.edu
530-750-9195
University of California - Davis

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Nature Climate Change
Increasing stability decreases ocean productivity, reduces carbon burial
As the globe warms, the atmosphere is becoming more unstable, but the oceans are becoming more stable, according to an international team of climate scientists, who say that the increase in stability is greater than predicted and a stable ocean will absorb less carbon and be less productive.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key R&D Program of China, National Center for Atmospheric Research and the U.S. National Science Foundation

Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
aem1@psu.edu
814-865-5689
Penn State

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Nature Machine Intelligence
AI learns to trace neuronal pathways
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory scientists dramatically improved the efficiency of automated methods for tracing neuronal connections. They taught a computer to recognize different parts of neurons, then used the math of topology to see how those neurons are likely to connect.
National Institutes of Health, Crick-Clay Fellowship (CSHL), Mathers Charitable Foundation, National Science Foundation, H. N. Mahabala Chair

Contact: Sara Roncero-Menendez
roncero@cshl.edu
516-367-6866
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
npj Science of Learning
Busy pictures hinder reading ability in children
A new study published by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University shows extraneous images draw attention from text, reducing comprehension in beginning readers
National Science Foundation, US Department of Education

Contact: Stacy Kish
skish@andrew.cmu.edu
541-829-3130
Carnegie Mellon University

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
The pace of environmental change can doom or save coral reefs
Increasing fishing too quickly can cause coral reef ecosystems to collapse, according to new research led by the University of Colorado Boulder.
NSF and Simons Foundation

Contact: Kelsey Simpkins, CU Boulder media relations
kelsey.simpkins@colorado.edu
720-204-2920
University of Colorado at Boulder

Public Release: 28-Sep-2020
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Modern humans reached westernmost Europe 5,000 years earlier than previously known
Modern humans arrived in westernmost Europe 41,000 - 38,000 years ago, about 5,000 years earlier than previously known, according to an international team of researchers that discovered stone tools used by modern humans dated to the earlier time period in a cave near the Atlantic coast of central Portugal. The tools document the presence of modern humans at a time when Neanderthals were thought to be present in the region.
National Science Foundation, University of West Bohemia, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, National Geographic Society, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Archaeological Institute of America, University of Louis

Contact: Betty Coffman
betty.coffman@louisville.edu
502-852-4573
University of Louisville

Public Release: 25-Sep-2020
Macromolecules
FSU researchers help develop sustainable polymers
Researchers at the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering have made new discoveries on the effects of temperature on sustainable polymers. Their findings may help the industry to produce plastics that are better for the environment.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Trisha Radulovich
trisha@eng.famu.fsu.edu
Florida State University

Showing releases 626-650 out of 1151.