Research psychologist Michel Varkevisser investigated how sleeping problems affected the performances of employees under both laboratory and field conditions. In contrast to earlier findings, Varkevisser found that people who suffer from sleeping problems clearly performed less well when assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. This difference might be because Varkevisser is one of the few to have set up a completely-controlled laboratory experiment. In this set-up, posture, food intake and exposure to light were kept constant. Moreover the study subjects were not allowed to sleep over a 24-hour period.
After the controlled experiment, the researcher carried out a field study in which employees with several sleeping problems received a palmtop computer that contained three tests and a sleep diary. During this observation, the insomniacs reported a lot of subjective complaints such as tiredness, drowsiness, a worse mood and a reduced ability to concentrate. In contrast to the subjective complaints the researcher found no worsening in objective functioning.
The researcher concluded from this that if people with chronic sleeping complaints have to be self-reliant (under boring circumstances), they function less well. However under normal or semi-normal circumstances they can put extra effort into a task so that the performance level remains relatively high. As a result of this extra investment they seem to get on reasonably well at work but in the long term this has a detrimental effect on their physical well-being. Their mood worsens and they become excessively tired. This results in an increased chance of work absenteeism.
About 20 percent of the Dutch population regularly experience sleeping complaints and it is estimated that about 6 percent have chronic complaints. Interestingly sleeping problems are almost never considered as a possible causal factor in employee absenteeism. Moreover, many primary health care practitioners, such as GPs, company doctors, but also psychologists, do not consider sleeping problems to be a distinct disorder. Consequently they often fail to choose right treatment and do not refer the patient to a sleeping disorder centre on time.
Michel Varkevisser's research was funded by NWO.