Inequitable and cost-inefficient allocation of scarce resources has been found to be a key problem in the management of heart attack and severe angina patients in China, according to the results of a study announced today at the World Congress of Cardiology in Barcelona, Spain.
"China's health care system has undergone considerable changes toward a 'fee for service' model where access to treatment is affected by a patient's ability to pay," said Professor GAO Runlin, Chairman of the Chinese Society of Cardiology. Professor GAO reported that the level of treatment given to a heart patient in China did not directly equate to the patient's risk of subsequent death or disability.
Researchers, at The George Institute for International Health in Sydney and the Chinese Society of Cardiology discovered that, while effective treatments are often available, the decision to provide more costly treatments in hospital was not determined primarily by the likelihood of clinical benefit, but rather by a patient's socioeconomic status, or ability to pay for services. The study also found that relatively inexpensive drug therapies that are highly effective in reducing the risks of future heart attack were frequently prescribed to patients on discharge from hospital, but a patient's use of these drugs diminished rapidly once they went home.
Coronary heart disease has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and premature death in China today. As the burden of cardiovascular diseases rise in China, so will the numbers of patients presenting with heart attack and related complications. Statistics from the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Diseases Study predict deaths from cardiovascular diseases in China are likely to quadruple to four million per year by 2020.
"Patterns of current practice in managing Acute Coronary Syndromes, commonly known as heart attack and severe angina, reflect choices made by our clinicians towards prescription of expensive interventions. By identifying the gaps in both treatment and cost-efficiency, steps can be taken to reduce the impact of one the worlds, and China's, leading killers" said Professor GAO.
The results are from the Clinical Pathways for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes project (CPACS), which was jointly developed by the Chinese Society of Cardiology and The George Institute for International Health to review how patients suffering from acute coronary syndromes are being managed at hospitals across China.
Data was collected from almost 3000 patients in over 50 hospitals from 18 provinces of China. Patients who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome were assessed during hospitalisation and in the first six months after discharge.
Co-principal Investigator for the CPACS study, Dr Anushka Patel, at The George Institute for International Health, believes that the situation found in China is by no means unique to that country. "The early data indicate that China is confronting similar challenges as those experienced in other countries. There is evidence that guidelines for ACS management can promote cost-effective care and improve patient outcomes. However, in addition to approaches directed at promoting guidelines adherence within hospitals and amongst clinicians, health care system reform is the likely key to future success," Dr Patel stated.
"Many opportunities for improving patient care and for cost-effective allocation of scarce resources for the management of ACS are available in China. These include earlier presentation to hospital, earlier treatment following heart attack, better risk stratification, and reduced length of hospitalisation," added Professor GAO.
The two year project is also supported by Sanofi-Aventis, China, Guidant Corporation and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
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Notes to Editor:
Professor Gao Runlin GAO Runlin is Professor of Medicine and Advisor at the Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Chairman of the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) and Director of the CSC Division of Interventional Cardiology. He is currently the Vice President of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Past President of the Asian Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology, a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and a member of the International Andreas Gruentzig Society.
Professor GAO earned his medical degree from the Beijing Medical University and postgraduate fellowships at the Peking Union Medical College and the Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California, USA.
Professor GAO is the editor-in-chief of the Chinese Journal of Cardiology, deputy editor-in-chief of the Chinese Circulation Journal and the British Medical Journal, Chinese version, and editor of several other medical journals. He has published over 250 articles primarily on cardiovascular revascularization and interventional strategies.
Dr Anushka Patel, Director, Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for International Health
Anushka Patel is Director of the Cardiovascular Division at The George Institute, a cardiologist at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, and a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Medicine at The University of Sydney.
Dr Patel completed her undergraduate medical training at The University of Queensland and her training in cardiology (leading to Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of Physicians) in Sydney. She has a Master of Science degree in Epidemiology from Harvard University, and a PhD in Medicine from The University of Sydney. Her research is currently supported by fellowships from the National Heart Foundation of Australia, and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.