Perinatal flavor learning and adaptation to being weaned: All the pig needs is smell

Weaning can be a stressful time, but new research published in the Oct. 19 edition of the online journal PLoS ONE shows that the presence of familiar flavors in food, or even in the surrounding air, has positive effects on piglet growth, food uptake, and behavior upon weaning, suggesting reduced stress. In the study, pregnant sows were fed anise-flavored food for about two weeks before birth and three weeks after.

The piglets were then weaned and also exposed to the anise flavor, either through their food or air. Their resulting behavior and cortisol levels revealed that those exposed to the anise flavor both perinatally and post-weaning were less stressed than their non-flavor treated kin. Furthermore, simply smelling the familiar flavor was sufficient to elicit a favorable response.

The principle of "flavor learning" based on the mother's diet has been well established in a variety of contexts, but previous work by the authors, led by Marije Oostindjer at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, showed practically no effect of flavor treatment applied only postnatally. According to Dr. Oostindjer, the results are "still elusive after many years of research, and at the same time the research has applied value as it can increase health and welfare of newly weaned piglets."

Citation: Oostindjer M, Bolhuis JE, Simon K, van den Brand H, Kemp B (2011) Perinatal Flavour Learning and Adaptation to Being Weaned: All the Pig Needs Is Smell. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25318.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025318

Financial Disclosure: This work was supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-STW, grant number 07722), with co-financers Product Boards for Livestock and Meat (PVV), Product Board Animal Feed (PDV), Lucta S.A., Nutreco Nederland B.V., and Verbakel B.V. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing Interest Statement: The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: The work was co-financed by three commercial funders: Lucta S.A., Verbakel B.V. and Nutreco B.V. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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