This news release is available in German.
"BigBrain helps us to generate new knowledge on the healthy and also the diseased brain," says Katrin Amunts, director at the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1) and the C. and O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf. For example: "As a consequence of its evolution, the human cerebral cortex is very heavily folded," says the neuroscientist. She explains that this is the reason why, in some areas, the thickness of the cerebral cortex can only be determined very imprecisely using imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging. However, the thickness of the cortex changes in the course of a lifetime and is also affected by neurodegenerative processes, such as those associated with Alzheimer's disease. "With the help of our high-resolution brain model, we can now gain a new understanding of the normal structure of different functional areas of the brain, such as the motor cortex or a region that is important for learning and memory, and we can also measure numerous structural properties," explains Katrin Amunts. This will contribute to the precise identification and evaluation of changes in the brains of patients.
Information from thousands of tissue samples
The three-dimensional virtual brain is based on information from more than 7,400 tissue sections, each of them a mere 20 micrometres thick, that were obtained from a human brain. "We started off in Düsseldorf more than five years ago," says co-initiator Prof. Karl Zilles, now a senior professor in JARA-BRAIN, the brain research cooperation between Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University. Each individual tissue section was scanned at Forschungszentrum Jülich and then reconstructed in three dimensions with supercomputers. "It's an extremely difficult and complex task to work with these ultrathin, fragile tissue samples," says Katrin Amunts. Cutting the extremely thin sections can cause tears or folds that have to be 'repaired' in the digitized versions by means of modern image processing tools, explains the researcher. In order to process the huge data sets produced, reconstruct them in three dimensions, and evaluate them, the scientists needed powerful supercomputers in Canada and at Jülich.
Human Brain Project benefits from BigBrain
The findings obtained from BigBrain will also be used in the European large-scale Human Brain Project (HBP), which includes Jülich experts specializing in neuroscience and information technology. Together with other researchers from more than 80 scientific institutions in 23 countries, they plan to simulate the entire human brain, from the molecular level to the interaction of entire brain regions, on a supercomputer of the future within the next ten years. In addition to their neuroscientific findings, the Jülich scientists will also contribute to HBP with their innovative software tools. With these tools, data from other brain models can be integrated into the freely accessible software tool BigBrain and be made available to the scientific community.
Original publication:
Katrin Amunts et al, BigBrain: An Ultrahigh-Resolution 3D Human Brain Model, Science, 21. Juni 2013, Vol. 340, p. 1472-1475
DOI: 10.1126/science.1235381
Further information:
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain (INM-1): http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/inm-1/EN/Home/home_node.html
Link to the BigBrain software tool: https://bigbrain.loris.ca/main.php
Link to the Human Brain Project: http://www.humanbrainproject.eu/
Contact:
Prof. Dr. Katrin Amunts, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain (INM-1)
Tel: + 49 2461 61-4300
k.amunts@fz-juelich.de
and
C. and O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
http://www.uniklinik-duesseldorf.de/unternehmen/institute/c-u-o-vogt-institut-fuer-hirnforschung/
Press contact:
Dr. Barbara Schunk, Annette Stettien
Tel: +49 2461 61-8031 or -2388
b.schunk@fz-juelich.de, a.stettien@fz-juelich.de
About Forschungszentrum Jülich …
… pursues cutting-edge interdisciplinary research to address pressing issues of the present, most of all the future energy supply. With its competence in materials science and simulation and its expertise in physics, nanotechnology and information technology and also in the biosciences and brain research, Jülich is developing a basis for the key technologies of tomorrow. Forschungszentrum Jülich helps to solve the grand challenges facing society in the fields of energy and the environment, health and information technology. With a staff of almost 5,000, Jülich – a member of the Helmholtz Association – is one of the large interdisciplinary research centres in Europe.
Journal
Science