Sports stars from Andy Murray to Mo Farah and Jessica Ennis-Hill rely on ice baths after competing - however new research suggests they should re-think their recovery plan. Researchers looking at post-exercise inflammation in skeletal muscle have found new evidence that challenges the merits of ice baths.
Contrary to popular belief, the researchers found that cold water immersion does not significantly reduce inflammation in muscles after resistance exercise. This is according to a study by Dr. Jonathan Peake and colleagues published in The Journal of Physiology.
Cold water immersion reduces muscle temperature and blood flow, and this was thought to enhance repair of muscles damaged by exercise, by reducing inflammation. However, there had not been any data--at least in humans-- to back this up, and Dr Peake's new research has called this benefit into question.
Commenting on this new research, Dr Jonathan Peake said: "As cold water immersion may not be the most effective strategy, athletes across various sports will need to re-think their strategies to minimize inflammation in the muscle."
Nine active young men, between the ages of 19 and 24, who were doing resistance training 2-3 times a week, participated in the study. They completed resistance exercises on two occasions, at least one week apart.
After the first trial, they sat in cold water (10?C) up to their waist for 10 minutes. After the other trial, they performed 'active recovery' in the form of a low-intensity warm down on a stationary bicycle. The researchers took muscle biopsies before, 2 h, 24 h and 48 h after each trial. They examined the muscle tissue for changes in the expression of genes and proteins that indicate inflammation, comparing data between the two trials.
The rationale for comparing the cold water immersion to active recovery rather than remaining sedentary was that these two treatments are representative of what athletes typically do after exercise.
The research doesn't completely rule out cold water immersion in post-exercise recovery, with Dr Peake stating:
"More work remains to be done to establish whether other combinations of water temperature or duration of immersion produce different physiological effects in skeletal muscle and other soft tissues after muscle-damaging exercise."
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NOTES TO EDITORS
1. Full paper title: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP272881/full
2. The Journal of Physiology publishes advances in physiology, which increase our understanding of how our bodies function in health and disease. http://jp.physoc.org
3. The Physiological Society brings together over 3,500 scientists from over 60 countries. The Society promotes physiology with the public and parliament alike. It supports physiologists by organising world-class conferences and offering grants for research and also publishes the latest developments in the field in its three leading scientific journals, The Journal of Physiology, Experimental Physiology and Physiological Reports. http://www.physoc.org
4. One limitation is that the project only involved male participants, so the findings do not necessarily apply to females.
Contacts:
Julia Turan, Email: jturan@physoc.org
Sally Howells, Email: showells@physoc.org
The Physiological Society, Hodgkin Huxley House
30 Farringdon Lane, London EC1R 3AW, UK
+44 (0)20 7269 5727
Corresponding author
Dr. Jonathan Peake
School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology
Email: jonathan.peake@qut.edu.au
Journal
The Journal of Physiology