image: NJIT physicist Louis Lanzerotti received the 2017 Arthur M. Bueche Award from the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) for his 'extraordinary impact on the engineering profession.' view more
Credit: NJIT
Louis Lanzerotti, a distinguished research professor of physics best known for shedding light on the space environment around Earth and its impact on hardware in space and critical infrastructure on the ground, received the 2017 Arthur M. Bueche Award from the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) for his "extraordinary impact on the engineering profession."
Named in memory of Bueche - the top technical officer for General Electric Co., an advocate for science and technology adept at applying research to benefit society, and an adviser to universities, presidents and international organizations - the annual award recognizes pivotal contributions not only in the arena of science and technology, but in public policy as well.
In the mid-1960s, just as U.S. space exploration was taking off, Lanzerotti began tackling some of the fundamental challenges of flying spacecraft in orbit around Earth. With a newly minted Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University, he joined AT&T Bell Labs to study Earth's radiation belts just as the AT&T Telstar satellites were launched.
"As issues arose around the effects of radiation on space hardware, Lanzerotti participated in the building, testing, and calibration of radiation instruments for first-generation geosynchronous telecommunications satellites. His work helped develop robust space-based communications and science systems, and contributed to many NASA space missions that have allowed us to expand our knowledge of the universe," the academy noted in a release.
Lanzerotti says he relished the opportunity to do "engineering and science" in preparing satellites for travel in Earth's near-space environment, a then little-known realm subject to powerful geomagnetic fields and radiation.
In his acceptance remarks, he described a work environment that advanced both:
"Bell Labs fostered a collaborative technical culture whereby a vast array of practical telecommunications problems presented challenges whose solutions often led to new scientific understandings. I soon learned that the conventional linear model view of unfettered pure research leading to applications is not the only path to practical beneficial outcomes for society, or for a company."
Lanzerotti added that his research has been advanced by "many exceptionally talented, committed, and congenial colleagues, friends and students throughout my career at Bell Labs and now at the New Jersey Institute of Technology."
The NAE also noted his extensive work on geomagnetic field measurements at Siple, McMurdo, and South Pole stations in Antarctica, "which have furthered our fundamental understanding of Earth's space environment, including hydromagnetic waves and particle precipitation processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. His work led to the co-founding of the ongoing United States Automatic Geophysical Observatories network in Antarctica."
The academy credits him with advancing the public's understanding "of these invisible but potent forces" through papers, symposia and national and international panels, ultimately reaching a wide audience of fellow scientists, technologists, engineers and policymakers concerned about protecting space- and ground-based technologies - from spacecraft to energy and communication grids - "from potentially catastrophic disruptions caused by powerful blasts of radiation" from the Sun.
In late 2015, Lanzerotti was the sole academic researcher invited to take part in the panel discussion, "Space Weather: Understanding Potential Impacts and Building Resilience," convened in Washington, D.C. under the auspices of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and attended by scientists and engineers from academia and industry, as well as policymakers and elected officials.
But he did more than testify. Over the years, he has argued persuasively on behalf of space research before powerful policymakers, as in the mid-1970s, when he was asked to join the NASA Physical Sciences Committee, then an external advisory committee to the agency. At the time, he noted, there were "resource pressures" on NASA science and the opening of space research to a wider range of disciplines. Many committee members contended that studies of "particles and fields" in space around Earth should be finished and that research dollars would best be spent on other scientific topics.
"As the principal committee person in this allegedly obsolete research field, I was asked to make a presentation on the subject. My talk was equally devoted to frontier areas of space plasma physics research and the practical implications of NASA's research in the field, past and future," he recalled, adding that a U.S. Senate staffer in the audience was "very taken with the practical applications of this research in NASA's program" and asked him to speak at a NASA hearing on Capitol Hill. That appearance ultimately produced tangible results: the establishment of the currently-named NASA Heliophysics Division, which encompasses fundamental science and its applications.
Decades later, he weighed in forcefully on the continuation of the Hubble Space Telescope via the installation of new instrumentation. After the NASA administrator initially decided against it, the National Academies quickly formed a Congressionally-requested committee to evaluate the scientific merits of maintaining the space-based telescope, as well as the risks of its human servicing - deemed necessary - and asked him to chair it. He delivered the committee's findings to the NASA administrator and his staff "in a small NASA conference room on a quite cold, dark December, 2004 evening" and noticed that the administrator had stopped listening after the third page, which presented the committee's recommendations for human servicing.
"Accompanying me out of the very difficult briefing where the administrator had not said more than a few words, the associate administrator for science said to me, "Lou, you have just killed Hubble,'" he recounted. "Well, we all know now that Hubble, after human servicing and upgraded instruments, thrives today, continuing to produce astounding new scientific results."
"Since I've worked with him, Lou has been the principal investigator of the RBSPICE instrument aboard NASA's Van Allen Probes of the radiation belts around Earth, the founding editor of the American Geophysical Union's Space Weather journal, the chair or member of a number of national committees, including the National Science Foundations's Geospace Portfolio Review, and the author of numerous editorials and other publications," notes Andrew Gerrard, director of NJIT's Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research. "He is really an inspiration to us all!"
Among Lanzerotti's many awards in recent years are the American Geophysical Union William Bowie medal and the U.S. Antarctic Service Medal. Mount Lanzerotti in Antarctica was named in his honor. He served a six-year term on the National Science Board, from 2004 to 2010, and chaired its Committee on Science and Engineering Indicators much of that time.
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About NJIT
One of the nation's leading public technological universities, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is a top-tier research university that prepares students to become leaders in the technology-dependent economy of the 21st century. NJIT's multidisciplinary curriculum and computing-intensive approach to education provide technological proficiency, business acumen and leadership skills. With an enrollment of 11,400 graduate and undergraduate students, NJIT offers small-campus intimacy with the resources of a major public research university. NJIT is a global leader in such fields as solar research, nanotechnology, resilient design, tissue engineering, and cybersecurity, in addition to others. NJIT is among the top U.S. polytechnic public universities in research expenditures, exceeding $130 million, and is among the top 1 percent of public colleges and universities in return on educational investment, according to PayScale.com. NJIT has a $1.74 billion annual economic impact on the State of New Jersey.