Sophia Antipolis, 6 June 2019: Urgent action is needed to prevent, detect and treat atrial fibrillation to stop a substantial rise in disabling strokes. That's the main message of a paper published today in EP Europace, a journal of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC),1 during World Heart Rhythm Week.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder2 and accounts for 0.28% to 2.6% of healthcare spending in European countries. Patients with atrial fibrillation have a five times higher risk of stroke. And 20% to 30% of strokes are caused by atrial fibrillation. Strokes due to atrial fibrillation are more disabling and more often fatal than strokes with other causes.
The study estimates that 7.6 million people over 65 in the EU had atrial fibrillation in 2016 and this will increase by 89% to 14.4 million by 2060. Prevalence is set to rise by 22%, from 7.8% to 9.5%. The proportion of these patients who are over 80 will rise from 51% to 65%.
"Atrial fibrillation patients over 80 have even greater risks of stroke so this shift in demography has enormous implications for the EU," said study author Dr Antonio Di Carlo, of the Italian National Research Council, Florence, Italy. "Older patients also have more comorbidities linked to atrial fibrillation such as heart failure and cognitive impairment."
Prevention of atrial fibrillation is the same as for other cardiovascular conditions. This includes not smoking, exercise, a healthy diet, keeping alcohol under moderation, and controlling blood pressure and diabetes.
Screening for atrial fibrillation is important because oral anticoagulation effectively prevents strokes in these patients. Dr Di Carlo said GPs should opportunistically screen for atrial fibrillation by performing pulse palpation during every consultation. Patients with an irregular pulse would have an electrocardiogram (ECG) for confirmation. "The majority of older people see their GP at least once a year, so this is an efficient and effective method to diagnose atrial fibrillation and prevent complications," he said.
GPs can inform patients about symptoms of atrial fibrillation such as palpitations, racing or irregular pulse, shortness of breath, tiredness, chest pain and dizziness.3 And they can teach patients how to check for an irregular pulse using the fingertips, which can be reported and followed-up with an ECG. "I recommend this approach for now," said Dr Di Carlo. "In future there may be reliable devices for first line screening by the public such as smartwatch apps, but these technologies are not ready for widespread use."
To calculate the numbers of atrial fibrillation patients over 65 anticipated in the EU in the next four decades, the researchers first measured the prevalence in a representative sample of people over 65 in Italy. They then used population projections from the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) for all 28 Member States. The study was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
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Authors: ESC Press Office
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Funding: The Italian Ministry of Health, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; and coordinated by the Tuscany Region (Act 176/2015).
Disclosures: None declared.
Notes
References
1 Di Carlo A, Bellino L, Consoli D, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Italian elderly population and projections from 2020 to 2060 for Italy and the European Union: the FAI Project. Europace. 2019. doi:10.1093/europace/euz141.
2 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2893-2962. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210.
3 Learn to recognise signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation: https://www.afibmatters.org/en_GB/Signs-and-symptoms.
About the European Society of Cardiology
The European Society of Cardiology brings together health care professionals from more than 150 countries, working to advance cardiovascular medicine and help people lead longer, healthier lives.
About EP Europace
EP Europace covers the fields of arrhythmias, pacing and cellular electrophysiology.
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EP Europace