A new AI framework improves how complex systems with unequal decision-makers like smart grids – traffic networks, and autonomous vehicles – are managed. Unlike traditional models that assume equal influence and timing, this approach uses a Stackelberg-Nash game structure, where leader agents act first and followers respond optimally. It also features an event-triggered mechanism that updates decisions only when needed, cutting computational load. The result is smarter, more efficient AI that adapts to real-world uncertainty, limited resources, and hierarchical decision-making.

As the frequency and intensity of heatwaves increase across the U.S., a similar but more striking phenomenon is occurring in American rivers. Analysis of data from nearly 1,500 sites in the contiguous United States between 1980 and 2022 revealed that heatwaves in rivers are accelerating faster than and lasting nearly twice as long air heatwaves, according to a new study by researchers at Penn State.  

A Rutgers-led team of scientists has uncovered evidence of how galaxies expand by tracing the invisible scaffolding of the universe created by a mysterious substance known as dark matter.

In a newly published study in Astrophysical Journal Letters, researchers used what they said are the largest-ever samples of special galaxies called Lyman-alpha emitters to study how galaxies clumped together over billions of years. In doing so, they gained an improved understanding of how galaxies relate to the surrounding dark matter and how they evolve over time.

One of the great challenges of ecology is to understand the factors that maintain, or undermine, diversity in ecosystems, researchers write in a new report in the journal Science. The researchers detail their development of a new model that — using a tree census and genomic data collected from multiple species in a forest — can predict future fluctuations in the relative abundance of those species.

A new study led by Boston University marine biologists reveals that heat waves are threatening the future of the fish made famous by Finding Nemo