Figure 3. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of IUA and TE by improving the endometrial microenvironment. (IMAGE)
Caption
Top: Left—the engagement between cells and biomaterials, facilitated by growth factors, ultimately fostering the creation of a regenerative microenvironment. Right—a comprehensive view of this microenvironment, encompassing extracellular matrix components, stem cells, immune cells, and blood vessels. Bottom: IUA—the morphological and molecular pathological changes in the endometrium before and after treatment, as evidenced by ultrasound imaging (red represents blood flow, and the arrow indicates the thickness of the endometrium), hysteroscopy, Masson’s trichrome staining, and ΔNp63 expression. The accompanying box delineates the underlying mechanisms of IUA treatment, encompassing inflammation suppression, EMT inhibition, endothelial cell proliferation enhancement, angiogenesis stimulation, and fibrosis inhibition. TE—the alterations in molecular expression, including ERα, Ki67, vimentin, vWF, and W5C5 (red), before and after treatment. The box below enumerates the therapeutic advantages observed in TE treatment, namely antiaging effects, angiogenesis stimulation, immune regulation, and fibrosis inhibition.
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