The expression of WIPF1 in the early maternal-fetal interface of humans or mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and their respective controls. (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) Immunohistochemical images of WIPF1 expression at the mouse maternal-fetal interface on pregnancy day 8.5 (PD8.5). EPC, ectoplacental cone. Scale bar, 200 μm. The black arrows indicate trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). The asterisks indicate the site of embryo attachment. (B) mRNA levels of WIPF1 in healthy human first-trimester placental villi and RSA placental villi, relative to the mRNA levels of β-actin. **P < 0.01. (C) Protein levels of WIPF1 in human first-trimester placental villi and RSA placental villi, relative to the protein levels of β-actin. (D) Quantified protein levels of WIPF1, relative to the protein levels of β-actin. *P < 0.05. (E) Immunofluorescence images of the expression of WIPF1 (red), cytokeratin 7 (CK7; green), and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G; green) in human first-trimester placental villi and RSA placental villi. The blue colors represent nuclei stained with Hoechst. Scale bar, 100 μm. The white arrows represent maternal decidual cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) Immunofluorescence images of the expression of cortactin (green, IgG-Mouse) and WIPF1 (red, IgG-Rabbit) in normal pregnancy (NP) or RSA first-trimester placental villous tissues. The blue colors represent nuclei stained with Hoechst. Scale bar,100 μm. (G) Images of primary extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) from NP and RSA patients' villous tissue, as stained with phalloidin (for F-actin). The fluorescent dots within the cytoplasm represent the podosomes. Phalloidin, red. Scale bars, 10 μm. (H) Primary EVTs from RSA patients' villous tissue expressing human WIPF1-OE or sh-WIPF1, together with the control constructs, as stained with phalloidin (for F-actin). The fluorescent dots within the cytoplasm represent the podosomes. Phalloidin, red. GFP, green. Scale bars, 10 μm. (I) The number of podosomes in the NP or RSA EVTs. *P < 0.05. (J) The number of podosomes in the WIPF1-OE EVTs, sh-WIPF1 RSA EVTs, and their respective controls (containing GFP expression). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. WIPF1, WAS/WASL interacting protein family member 1.
Credit
Cong Li, Shengya Wang, Jing Tang, Xin Luo, Luxing Ge, Youlong Xie, Lijuan Fu, Lingling Ruan, Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi, Fangfang Li, Yingxiong Wang, Hongbo Qi, Yubin Ding
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