Regulatory network controlling cholesterol homeostasis. (IMAGE)

Sichuan International Medical Exchange and Promotion Association

Regulatory network controlling cholesterol homeostasis.

Caption

This figure depicts the complex regulatory network that maintains cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Metabolic and hormonal signals, including oxysterols, IGF-1, and FGF19, activate kinase cascades such as AMPK, ERK, JNK, PI3K/AKT, and cAMP/PKA, which in turn regulate transcription factors like SREBP2, PPARα, and C/EBP. These factors control genes governing cholesterol synthesis, uptake, efflux, and bile acid conversion. Inhibitory regulators such as PCSK9 and IDOL mediate LDL receptor degradation, while post-transcriptional control by microRNAs (miR-33, miR-144, miR-148, etc.) fine-tunes gene expression.

Credit

Zhiguang Su

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