Interorgan and intercellular communications in ALD. (IMAGE)

First Hospital of Jilin University

Interorgan and intercellular communications in ALD.

Caption

The pathogenesis of ALD involves multiple organs and tissues, especially gut, liver and adipose tissue. Within the liver, multiple cell types are involved in the development of ALD, including hepatocytes, HSCs and immune cells. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; BAs, bile acids; CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; ECM, extracellular matrix; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FFA, free fatty acid; HDNs, high-density neutrophils; HSCs, hepatic stellate cells; IL8, interleukin 8; LDNs, low-density neutrophils; LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; NAD/NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidised and reduced forms); NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta.

Credit

By Xiaocheng Charlie Dong, et al.

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License

CC BY-NC

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