Closed-Loop Brain-Body Interface: Brain and Body Team Up to Personalize Mental Health Treatment (IMAGE)
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Figure 2. Schematic of closed-loop control by peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and brain-computer interface (BCI). Neural signals are recorded in real-time using invasive or non-invasive BCI. These signals are then decoded to extract neural representations, which are used to dynamically adjust the stimulation patterns (such as parameters) of the PNS device. Under the influence of PNS, the activity of specific brain pathways (e.g., neurotransmitter pathways) changes, leading to alterations in neural signals. These changed signals are subsequently recorded and decoded again to regulate the PNS device, iterating until optimal outcomes are achieved. Created with BioRender.com.
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