Structure of mtDNA and the location of the RNA it encodes. (IMAGE)
Caption
mtDNA is a double-stranded ring with a heavy strand on the outer ring and a light strand on the inner ring. The length of human mtDNA is 16569 bps. OH and OL are the replication starting points for the heavy strand and light strand, respectively.
mtDNA encodes 37 genes, including 14 polypeptides, 2 mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, and 22 tRNAs necessary for the OXPHOS system. The D-loop, OXPHOS complex subunits coding regions, rRNA, and tRNA coding regions are represented in different colors in the diagram. Except for 8 tRNAs and MT-ED6 on the light strand, all others are on the heavy strand.
MT-CYB, mitochondrial cytochrome B subunit; MT–ND, mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit; MT–CO, mitochondrial cytochrome C subunit; MT-ATP, mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit; MT-RNR, mitochondrially encoded 12S rRNA.
Credit
Chen Huang, Zichuan Xie, Jiajin Li, Chenliang Zhang
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