The mitochondrial repair strategy (green) employs protectants like CoQ10 to enhance antioxidant capacity and idebenone to cross the BBB for mitochondrial structural protection. (IMAGE)
Caption
Autophagy activators such as kaempferol/emodin (via the PINK1/Parkin pathway) and spautin-1 (stabilizing PINK1 activity) clear damaged mitochondria, while gene therapy targets mtDNA mutations to restore respiratory chain function. These interventions synergistically improve mitochondrial function, reduce Aβ deposition and enhance cognition. The metabolic balancing strategy (blue) includes glucose regulation (GLP-1 analogs boosting cerebral glucose utilization to suppress Aβ/neuroinflammation), lipid modulation (statins lowering cholesterol and sulfatides bidirectionally regulating Aβ levels), and amino acid optimization (controlled glutamate supplementation to avoid excitotoxicity). Lipid homeostasis reduces the Aβ burden, indirectly shielding mitochondria. The calcium stabilization strategy (orange) uses channel blockers (e.g., nimodipine inhibiting Ca2+ influx to alleviate neuronal overload) and signaling modulators (quercetin suppressing the CaMK pathways to reduce tau hyperphosphorylation). Calcium homeostasis maintenance curbs Aβ generation and safeguards mitochondrial function.
Credit
Tingting Liu, Zongting Rong, Jingwen Li, Haojie Wu, Jianshe Wei
Usage Restrictions
Credit must be given to the creator. Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted. No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.
License
CC BY-NC-ND