HMGB3 and TGIF2 activate TGF-β signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) RNA sequencing analysis was performed on ECA109 cells infected with LV-control and LV-shHMGB3-1. The RNA sequencing volcano plot highlights 168 genes as up-regulated and 141 genes as down-regulated. Blue dots represent genes with lower expression in ECA109-control compared with ECA109-shHMGB3-1, whereas red dots indicate higher expressed genes. (B) The heatmap generated from RNA sequencing data displays 168 up-regulated genes and 141 down-regulated genes when comparing LV-control with LV-shHMGB3-1 in ECA109 cells. Red highlights indicate up-regulated genes, whereas blue highlights indicate down-regulated genes. (C) KEGG analysis was used to identify the top 30 most relevant pathways. (D) Western blotting analysis demonstrates that the HMGB3 positively regulates Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling. (E) The proliferative capacity of ESCC cells after modifying the expression of TGF-β was demonstrated by the CCK-8 assay, with optical density (OD) measurements obtained daily for 5 days. (F) The migratory and invasive abilities of ESCC cells after modifying the expression of TGF-β were demonstrated by the Transwell analysis. The left panel illustrates the results, whereas the right panel shows the number of migrated and invasive cells calculated and compared, respectively. (G) Western blotting analysis demonstrates that TGIF2 positively regulates Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling. (H) WB analysis demonstrates that TGIF2 positively regulates the Smad-dependent TGF-β pathway in an HMGB3-dependent manner. All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is indicated as ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001.
Credit
Liaoran Niu, Wanli Yang, Wei Zhou, Lili Duan, Qi Wang, Xiaoqian Wang, Yiding Li, Chengchao Xu, Yujie Zhang, Jinqiang Liu, Jian Zhang, Daiming Fan, Jianyong Zheng, Liu Hong
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