In vivo validation of SPP1-knockdown exosomes and human tissue analysis (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) Immunohistochemistry for SPP1, Aggrecan, and CD86 in rat disc tissue across Sham operation, Operation, Operation + Mac exo, and Operation + Mac exo (SPP1 KD) groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) Triple immunofluorescence staining for SPP1 (green), Aggrecan (red), and CD86 (magenta) with DAPI nuclear counterstain showing co-localization patterns across treatment groups. (C) Representative H&E and Safranin O (SO) staining of intervertebral discs across all treatment groups. Scale bar: 200 μm. (D) Quantification of histological grade scores. ***P < 0.001 vs Operation; ns, not significant. (E) Representative MRI images of the human lumbar spine showing Grade II (mild degeneration) and Grade IV (severe degeneration) intervertebral discs. (F) SPP1 immunohistochemistry of human disc specimens from Grade II and Grade IV patients. Note significantly elevated SPP1-positive cells in Grade IV specimens. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated r = 0.72, P < 0.01 between SPP1 expression and Pfirrmann grade.
Credit
Qiuwei Li, Liang Kang, Kaida Bo, Peilin Jin, Chenhao Zhao, Renjie Zhang, Cailiang Shen
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CC BY-NC-ND