Genomic mechanism of extreme heat tolerance in Echinolittorina snails: expansion and neofunctionalization of the HK family (IMAGE)
Caption
Echinolittorina snails show massive HK expansion. Some duplicated copies fused with N‑terminal transmembrane domains, becoming the first animal HKs anchored to the cell membrane (mHKs). These mHKs are proposed to improve thermal tolerance by enhancing mannose catabolism and ATP production, supporting the high energy demands of heat stress responses in their extreme intertidal environment. Art by Chao-Yi Ma.
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Art by Chao-Yi Ma.
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