Effects of artesunate on the cell viability and proliferation of HCC cell lines (HepG2 and MHCC-97H), and its roles in the cell apoptosis based on HepG2 cells and samples obtained from an orthotopic mouse model (n = 3). (IMAGE)
Caption
(A, B) Viability inhibitory curves of HepG2 and MHCC-97H cells induced by artesunate using the CCK8 assay and the corresponding IC50 calculation. (C, D) Effects of artesunate on the cell proliferation of HepG2 and MHCC-97H cells using CCK8 assay. (E, G) Effects of artesunate on the cell apoptosis of samples obtained from the HCC orthotopic mouse model examined by TUNEL and Hoechst staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. CON: sham operation group; HepG2: 3 × 106 HepG2 cells were injected into the right lobe of the liver to induce HCC orthotopic mouse model; ART-L, ART-M, ART-H: low- (5 mg/kg), middle- (10 mg/kg), high- (20 mg/kg) dose of artesunate treatment groups; ART-H + LTI-291: high dose of artesunate and GBA enzyme activator LTI-291 combined treatment group. (F, H) Effects of artesunate on the cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells examined by TUNEL and Hoechst staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. CON: HepG2 control group. ART-L, ART-M, ART-H: low-, middle-, and high-dose of artesunate treatment groups. 5-FU: positive drug 5-fluorouracil treatment group. ART-H + LTI-291: high dose of artesunate and GBA enzyme activator LTI-291 treatment group. The percentage of apoptotic cells derived from at least five random fields of view (n = 3) was analyzed by two independent observers who were blinded to the experimental groups. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
Credit
Xia Mao, Xiangying Yan, Yawen Chen, Bingbing Cai, Wenjia Chen, Ya Lin, Na Lin, Yanqiong Zhang
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