cfDNA promoter profiling patterns across increta/percreta, accreta, and controls. (IMAGE)
Caption
(A) Study design for discovery cohort construction. PSM was performed to generate balanced case–control subsets for placenta increta/percreta (n = 35 vs. n = 35) and placenta accreta (n = 35 vs. n = 35). APSM at a ratio of 1:1 was performed according to maternal age, gestational age at NIPT, use of in vitro fertilization, uterine surgical history, and sequencing instrument batches. (B) Volcano plots showing genes with different promoter coverage across group comparisons. Significantly up-regulated promoters are highlighted in red, and down-regulated in blue. (C) UpSet plot illustrating the distribution and overlap of genes with different promoter coverage among the three pairwise comparisons, classified as I/P-specific (dark blue), A-specific (blue), and C-specific (gray) genes. (D) Heatmap of hierarchical clustering based on genes with different promoter coverage, showing clear separation of increta/percreta, accreta, and control groups. (E) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of genes specific to each comparison. I/P, increta/percreta; A, accreta; C, control.
Credit
Runrun Hao, Beilun Wang, Bin Zhang, Yixuan Li, Qingwen Zhu, Shilin Zhu, Weiling Liu, Yihan Wu, Lina Zhang, Xueqi Bai, Shanshan Wang, Shiman Hu, Yuting Zhang, Haoyan Shi, Dong Liang, Huixia Yang, Zhonghua Shi
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