Temperature and Voltage at the Quantum Scale (IMAGE)

University of Arizona

Temperature and Voltage at the Quantum Scale

Caption

It may come as a surprise that temperature and voltage, basic notions developed in the nineteenth century in the fields of thermodynamics and electrodynamics, have until now lacked a mathematically rigorous definition, except for the case of an idealized equilibrium that does not actually occur in nature. The results of this study show that the two are intricately linked and could lead to a better understanding of what it means to be 'hot' or 'cold' at the subatomic and quantum scale.

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Charles Stafford/Abhay Shastry/UA

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