Change in Mass = True Polar Wander (IMAGE)
Caption
Planetary bodies settle into their axis based on their mass: A planet's heavier spots lean it toward its equator, lighter spots toward the pole. On the rare occasion mass shifts and causes a planet to relocate on its axis, scientists refer to the phenomenon as "true polar wander."
Billions of years ago, the moon's change in mass was internal -- the shift of a large, single mantle "plume." Ancient volcanic activity some 3.5 billion years ago melted a portion of the moon's mantle, causing it to bubble up toward its surface, like goo drifting in a lava lamp.
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(James Keane, U of Arizona)
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