Excavation of Lower Agricultural Ants (IMAGE) Smithsonian Caption Left panel: Ted Schultz (left) and Jeffrey Sosa-Calvo (right) excavate a primitive, lower fungus-farming ant nest in the seasonally dry Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) near Brasilia in 2009. Photo credit: Cauê Lopes. Center and right panel: The underground garden chamber of a primitive, lower fungus-farming ant colony revealed by excavation. Photo credits: Ted Schultz, Smithsonian. Lower, primitive fungus-farming ant colonies and agricultural behaviors are comparably smaller-scale and simpler than the colonies of higher fungus-farming ants. Credit Cauê Lopes. Ted Schultz, Smithsonian. Usage Restrictions News media use of the image files with credit information in relation to the publication in Proceedings of the Royal Society B is permitted. License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.