Ionic Conductors Diagram (IMAGE)
Caption
To make the speaker, a membrane of transparent, insulating rubber is sandwiched between two layers of transparent, conductive gel. The electrical connection to the power source is established outside of the active region of the device, where it does not need to be transparent.
Credit
Image courtesy of Christoph Keplinger, Jeong-Yun Sun, and Science/AAAS.
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