a) Junction between different bulk materials that share a common band-gap. In a topological system, the number of incoming edge channels and the number of outgoing edge channels is exactly the same. b) A system with an ill-defined topology is not bound by that constraint. The ill-defined topology can be used to abruptly halt wave propagation at a topological singularity. (IMAGE)

SPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics

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