Discovery of primitive mitochondrial DNA replication enzymes

Tsukuba, Japan—Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that evolved from a bacterium belonging to Alpharoteobacteria, which was taken up as an endosymbiont by the common ancestor of eukaryotes. Mitochondria possess their own highly reduced genomes (known as mitochondrial genomes), which are principally the descendants of the genome of the α-proteobacterial symbiont. Phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes use a type of DNA polymerase called "POP" to maintain their mitochondrial genomes.

In this study, the researchers identified 10 novel types of DNA polymerase that are distinct from the previously known types, including POPs, across diverse eukaryotic lineages. The evolutionary origin and subcellular localization of each novel DNA polymerase were investigated. Intriguingly, one of the DNA polymerases identified in this study, rdxPolA, was found to be involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance and is a direct descendant of the DNA polymerase in the α-proteobacterial symbiont that gave rise to the first mitochondrion. The researchers proposed a scenario for the evolution of DNA polymerases involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance from primitive to extant eukaryotes.

These findings provide critical insights into the early evolution of the machinery for mitochondrial DNA maintenance and the establishment of mitochondria in primitive eukaryotic cells.

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This research was supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences projects 18KK0203, 19H03280, 23H02535, and BPI05044 (to Y. Inagaki), 22J11104 (to R. Harada), and 19H03274 (to R. Kamikawa).

_{Original Paper}

Title of original paper:
Encyclopaedia of family A DNA polymerases localized in organelles: Evolutionary contribution of bacteria including the proto-mitochondrion

Journal:
Molecular Biology and Evolution

DOI:
10.1093/molbev/msae014

_{Correspondence}

Professor INAGAKI, Yuji
HARADA Ryo (JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists DC2)
Center for Computational Sciences (CCS), University of Tsukuba

Senior Researcher YABUKI, Akinori
Deep-Sea Biodiversity Research Group, Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Resercher YAZAKI Euki
Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Associate Professor KAMIKAWA, Ryoma
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University

_{Related Link}

Center for Computational Sciences (CCS), University of Tsukuba