About The Study: Almost 90% of U.S. adults met criteria for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic (CKM) syndrome (stage 1 or higher) and 15% met criteria for advanced stages, neither of which improved between 2011 and 2020. Substantial between-subgroup differences in advanced stages were observed, with older age, men, and Black adults at increased risk. Cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases are pathophysiologically interrelated and were the leading causes of death in 2021. In 2023, the American Heart Association introduced a novel staging construct, termed CKM syndrome, to enhance multidisciplinary approaches to prevention, risk stratification, and management of these disorders.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Muthiah Vaduganathan, M.D., M.P.H., email mvaduganathan@bwh.harvard.edu.
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(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6892)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Journal
JAMA