Planting bush basil near green beans naturally repels certain pests

In the middle of summer, garden vegetables like green beans are proliferating, but so are pests that like to chew and suck on them. Now, a study in ACS’ Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry suggests growing bush basil near bean plants could offer a cost-effective, natural (and tasty!) alternative to chemical repellants. The fragrant herb not only helped the beans develop their own defenses against spider mites but also attracted the pests’ natural enemies.

“We undertook this research with the aim of harnessing ‘talking plants’ — those that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) — to enhance agricultural practices, advance scientific understanding of interplant communication, and establish a foundation for the future application of this technology in agricultural settings,” says lead researcher Gen-ichiro Arimura, describing the motivation behind the present study.

Some fragrant plants help save neighboring crops from harmful leaf-eating insects. For example, the strong odor of mint contains VOCs that indirectly activate self-defense genes in nearby plants, protecting them from tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura) and spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). Previously, Arimura and colleagues found that growing mint near soybeans and Japanese mustard spinach increased the two crops’ activity in a defense-related gene called pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1). Arimura and a new group wanted to see whether basil — and its strong, sweet, peppery smell — could also help nearby plants keep pests away.

Out of six basil types the researchers tested (sweet, holey, Thai, cinnamon, lemon and bush), only bush basil activated the PR1 gene in green beans, soybeans and tomatoes, helping nearby plants defend themselves. Focusing on green beans, in lab tests plants grown close to bush basil had less damage from spider mites (a plant-sucking herbivore) than beans with no nearby basil. However, tobacco cutworms (a chewing herbivore) were unaffected by the nearby basil.

In field trials, green bean plants within slightly more than 1 yard (1 meter) of bush basil plants had substantially fewer pests and less damage to their leaves than green beans that were around 4 yards (4 meters) away from the herbs. The researchers identified linalool and eugenol as the primary VOCs emitted by bush basil and found that eugenol alone enhanced the defensive responses of green bean plants. In addition, the VOCs attracted the natural enemies of spider mites in laboratory experiments.

By helping nearby green beans up their self-defenses and by attracting pests away from them, bush basil could be a natural solution to pest management and an effective way to protect crops from damage, the researchers say.

The authors acknowledge funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas; Tokyo University of Science Research Grants; and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as part of the Joint Research Program implemented at the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University.

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