Traditional Indigenous knowledge offers hope in global fight against a superbug

As the global health community grapples with the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, researchers at the University of Regina in Canada have found promise in a powerful but often overlooked source: traditional Indigenous medicine. 

A study by scientists from the University of Regina and the First Nations University of Canada and Indigenous Elders from Saskatchewan has identified plant extracts with potential to fight methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)—one of the most dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. The research, recently published in Microbiology Spectrum, brings together modern science and Indigenous knowledge in a groundbreaking collaboration. 

MRSA, a major cause of persistent wound and bloodstream infections, is notoriously difficult to treat due to its resistance to many antibiotics. It is especially prevalent in hospitals and long-term care facilities, and disproportionately affects Indigenous communities in Canada, where access to care and historic systemic inequities compound the threat. 

With few new antibiotics in development, the research team turned to traditional knowledge for solutions. Working with Elders and community members, they collected Prairie plants long used in Indigenous medicine and tested them under lab conditions that closely mimicked real infections. 

The results were striking. Extracts from plants such as bergamot, dock, gaillardia, and dandelion were found to inhibit MRSA growth. Others—like gumweed—helped break down bacterial biofilms, the protective layers that make infections harder to treat. 

“These plants have been used by Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years to treat serious illnesses and other ailments. What may be shocking is how this is often new information to others in the scientific community. We hope that our research—and the way we conducted it—helps conventional scientists begin working with Indigenous Knowledge Keepers, scientists, and communities in a good way,” says Dr. Vincent Ziffle, assistant professor of Indigenous Knowledge and Science at First Nations University of Canada. 

Importantly, some plant extracts were only effective under infection-like conditions, emphasizing the need for realistic testing environments in drug development. Researchers also believe that the plants may work through mechanisms distinct from current antibiotics, offering fresh potential in the fight against resistant pathogens. 

The project was led by Dr. Omar El-Halfawy, Canada Research Chair in Chemogenomics and Antimicrobial Research at the University of Regina. 

“Our team recognises that MRSA is an Indigenous health priority, and through this project, we aimed to find ways to combat antibiotic resistance while supporting reconciliation efforts,” says El-Halfawy. 

The project is also notable for its collaborative approach. Unlike many past studies where Indigenous Peoples were involved only as participants, this one was co-led and co-authored by Indigenous and non-Indigenous scientists, setting a new benchmark for respectful and reciprocal research partnerships. 

“Sadly, three Elders who collaborated on this work passed away before our paper was published. We’re deeply grateful they entrusted us with their traditional knowledge and medicinal plants. This study is a way to honour their contributions and carry their legacy and wisdom forward,” says El-Halfawy. 

Ziffle says it was meaningful to spend time with Elders and students in their home communities and throughout Saskatchewan’s prairies, boreal plains, and forests. “It was illuminating and clearly lifted students’ spirits to see where Indigenous science is best demonstrated and where it comes from.” 

Elders who participated in the project emphasized the importance of learning directly from the land. 

“Our medicines came from Mother Nature. Now these students know about the importance of Medicinal Plants by being on and learning from the land,” says Elder Margaret Reynolds. 

This partnership provides not only scientific insights but also a model for how Indigenous knowledge and Western science can come together to address urgent health challenges while centring Indigenous leadership, respecting cultural protocols, and building long-term trust. 

“The plants talk to you—you just have to listen. We always have our remedies carried with us. Once you learn it, you always know,” says Elder Florence Allen.