From leaves to lab: Comprehensive review maps how natural extracts are reshaping atopic dermatitis care

This review focuses on the pathogenesis, influencing factors, limitations of current treatments, and recent advances in the application of natural extracts for atopic dermatitis (AD). The authors first introduce AD as a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology involving genetics, immune dysregulation, and impaired skin barrier function. The disease not only causes persistent itching and skin lesions but also imposes psychological burdens, reduces quality of life, and creates economic pressure. It is also associated with various comorbidities such as asthma and food allergies. Current treatments, including topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and some novel targeted drugs (e.g., Tralokinumab, Nemolizumab), can relieve symptoms but are difficult to cure and may have side effects. The review highlights recent research on the potential of natural extracts in AD management, including their anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation, and skin barrier improvement. The authors note that some natural active compounds show advantages in safety and tolerability, offering a foundation for developing novel therapies with minimal side effects. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of daily care, such as regular moisturization, moderate sunlight exposure, and a balanced diet, as supportive measures in disease management. Overall, this review provides a reference for comprehensive AD prevention and treatment, as well as the potential drug development of natural products.