About The Study: The findings of this study confirm that negative reinforcement is a core mechanism in opioid addiction, which is well established in preclinical research but less represented in treatment. Importantly, it is not limited to the later stages of addiction but is even observed after regular opioid use, potentially contributing to the development of addiction, which may have important implications for the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Karen D. Ersche, PhD, email ke220@cam.ac.uk.
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(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.3271)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Media advisory: This study is being presented at the annual conference of the Society for the Study of Addiction.
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Journal
JAMA Psychiatry