Melatonin shows promise as diagnostic and therapeutic agent in systemic Lupus erythematosus

A comprehensive review published in Current Molecular Pharmacology explores the emerging role of melatonin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), highlighting its potential as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic agent. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland and other tissues, is known for regulating sleep and exhibiting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The study synthesizes evidence from preclinical and clinical research, indicating that melatonin supplementation may help manage SLE and its severe complication, lupus nephritis.

"Melatonin’s multifaceted properties make it a compelling candidate for adjunctive therapy in SLE," said lead author Saeed Mehrzadi. Research shows that SLE patients often have lower serum melatonin levels, which may correlate with disease activity. In animal models of lupus nephritis, melatonin treatment reduced kidney damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical trials also reported decreased oxidative stress markers in SLE patients receiving melatonin.

Despite these promising findings, the authors note inconsistencies in study results, possibly due to variations in circadian timing, patient demographics, and measurement methods. "While melatonin significantly lowers oxidative stress, its impact on disease activity scores requires further investigation," Mehrzadi added. The review calls for more standardized research to determine optimal dosing and long-term safety.

Melatonin's favorable safety profile and pleiotropic actions support its potential integration into SLE management strategies. Future studies should focus on clarifying its mechanisms and validating its efficacy in larger, diverse patient cohorts.