Spider silk applications: Dermatologic theranostics, cosmetics, aerospace, textile and electronics

Spider silk is an outstanding natural biomaterial composed mainly of spidroin proteins, whose beta-sheet crystals provide mechanical strength while amorphous chains contribute elasticity. This review summarizes the expanding applications of spider silk across multiple fields, with particular emphasis on dermatologic theranostics, cosmetics, aerospace, textiles, and electronics. In biomedical and dermatologic applications, spider silk can function as a biocompatible scaffold for wound healing, nerve regeneration, sutures, controlled drug delivery, and real-time skin monitoring through integrated biosensors. Its non-toxic and low-immunogenic properties make it especially suitable for sensitive, damaged, or chronically inflamed skin. In cosmetics, spider silk’s amino acid-rich composition may improve hydration, skin elasticity, barrier recovery, anti-aging care, and scar-related repair. Outside the skin field, its superior strength-to-weight ratio, thermal stability, flexibility, and optical clarity support the development of lightweight aerospace composites, sustainable textiles, biodegradable electronics, optical devices, and wearable sensors. The review also discusses current challenges, including scalable production, manufacturing cost, and regulatory translation.