WASHINGTON — A new report from the National Research Council identifies research priorities and grand challenges to fill gaps in optics and photonics, a field that has the potential to advance the economy of the United States and provide visionary directions for future technology applications. The report recommends that the federal government develop a "National Photonics Initiative" to bring together academia, industry, and government to steer federal research and development funding and activities.
"Much is unknown when pursuing basic optical science and its transition to engineering and ultimately to products, but the rewards can be great," said Alan Willner, professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California and co-chair of the committee that wrote the report. "There are a number of opportunities that could change our daily lives."
"People do not think of Google as an optics company, but a typical Google data center has more than a million lasers in it," said Paul McManamon, technology director of the Ladar and Optical Communication Institute at the University of Dayton and committee co-chair. "The Internet example is only one case where work in optics and photonics may be a small part of the money invested in research, but is a critical enabler for high-tech businesses and jobs."
The committee named five grand challenges facing the nation that can be addressed with advances in optics and photonics technology. The first is to keep up the pace of technological achievement established in previous decades. Others include improved military surveillance and missile defense, achieving cost parity for solar power versus fossil fuel across the country's electrical grid, reaching seamless integration of photonics and electronics at the chip level, and developing optical sources and imaging tools to support increased resolution in manufacturing.
Eight particular areas of technological application are discussed in separate chapters: communications, information processing, and data storage; defense and national security; energy; health and medicine; advanced manufacturing; advanced photonic measurements and applications; strategic materials for optics; and displays. Each chapter reviews progress that has occurred since the 1998 National Research Council report Harnessing Light: Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century, as well as the technological opportunities that have risen from recent advances in optical science and engineering. The report recommends actions for the development and maintenance of global leadership in photonics-driven industries, including both near-term and long-range goals, likely participants, and responsible agents of change.
A National Photonics Initiative will help manage the breadth of rapidly expanding applications of photonics technologies, the report says, allowing both government and industry to form coherent strategies for technology development and deployment. The recommended initiative should also spearhead a collaborative effort to improve the collection and reporting of research, development, and economic data on this sector.
"The impact of optics and photonics on U.S. technology leadership is substantial; this is a critical reason to support a National Photonics Initiative," said McManamon. "Optics and photonics facilitates many technology areas and is therefore critical to U.S. high-tech competitiveness. A National Photonics Initiative will ensure that we make full use of these technologies."
The study was sponsored by the National Science Foundation; Army Research Office; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Microsystems Technology Office and Defense Sciences Office; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy divisions; International Society for Optics and Photonics; Optical Society of America; and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council make up the National Academies. They are private, nonprofit institutions that provide science, technology, and health policy advice under a congressional charter. The Research Council is the principal operating agency of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. For more information, visit http://national-academies.org. A committee roster follows.
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Pre-publication copies of Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for Our Nation are available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242 or on the Internet at http://www.nap.edu. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contacts listed above).
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design
and
Division on Policy and Global Affairs
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Committee on Harnessing Light: Capitalizing on Optical Science Trends and Challenges for Future Research
Paul McManamon (co-chair)
Technology Director
Ladar and Optical Communication Institute
University of Dayton
Dayton, Ohio
Alan E. Willner (co-chair)
Professor of Electrical Engineering
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering
Viterbi School of Engineering
University of Southern California
Los Angeles
Rod C. Alferness1
Chief Scientist
Alcatel-Lucent (retired), and
Richard A. Auhll Professor and Dean
University of California
Santa Barbara
Thomas M. Baer
Executive Director
Photonics Research Center
Stanford University
Stanford, Calif.
Joseph Buck
Vice President of Program Development
Boulder Nonlinear Systems
Lafayette, Colo.
Milton M. Chang
Managing Director
Incubic Management LLC
Los Altos Hills, Calif.
Constance J. Chang-Hasnain
John R. Whinnery Chair Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
University of California
Berkeley
Charles Maurice Falco
Chair of Condensed Matter Physics, and
Professor of Optical Sciences and Physics
College of Optical Sciences
University of Arizona
Tucson
Erica R. Fuchs
Assistant Professor
Department of Engineering and Public Policy
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh
Waguih S. Ishak
Division Vice President and Director
Corning West Technology Center
Corning Inc.
Palo Alto, Calif.
Prem Kumar
AT&T Professor of Information Technology
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department
Northwestern University
Evanston, Ill.
David A.B. Miller1,2
W.M. Keck Foundation Professor of Electrical Engineering
Stanford University
Stanford, Calif.
Duncan T. Moore1
Vice Provost for Entrepreneurship, and
Rudolf and Hilda Kingslake Professor of Optical Engineering
The Institute of Optics
Rochester, N.Y.
Edward I. Moses1,+
Principal Associate Director
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, Calif.
David C. Mowery
Professor of New Enterprise Development
Walter A. Haas School of Business
University of California
Berkeley
N. Darius Sankey
Director of Portfolio Strategy
Intellectual Ventures
Seattle
Edward White
President
Edward White Consulting
Webster, N.Y.
RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
Erik Svedberg
Study Director
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering
2 Member, National Academy of Sciences
+ Resigned