News Release

相干中微子-原子核碰撞的首次观察

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The First Observation of a Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Collision

image: An image of SNS's Beamline 13. The neutrinos enter a detector in the SNS basement -- a 32-pound (14.5- kilogram) scintillating crystal of sodium-doped cesium iodide enclosed in carefully designed shielding. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Aug. 3, 2017, online issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by D. Akimov at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow, Russia, and colleagues was titled, "Observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering." view more 

Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy; photographer Genevieve Martin

中微子与原子核相干互动的可能性是在1974年首次进行理论描述的;如今,物理学家报告第一次观察到了这样的事件。相干弹性中微子核散射(CENS)被认为是探索中微子(相对于其它粒子而言,这些粒子的质量特别小)属性的一种有价值的方法。同样地,CENS可产生有用的技术应用,如非侵入性核反应堆监测。因为几个原因,科学家们无法直接观察受某个原子核冲击时中微子散射的能力,这些原因包括在探测极低能量核反冲(这是该相互作用的单一后果)时的技术性困难。为了检测CENS,Dmitri Akimov和同事求助于橡树岭国家实验室散裂中子源(SNS)的的一个特别的地下巷道,它用了超过12米的额外材料(如混凝土和砾石)进行加固,旨在封闭其它粒子的干扰。科学家们接着将一个掺杂钠的碘化铯样本与中微子接触,该样本含有理想大小的原子核,并会在受到撞击后产生足够的闪烁而探测到核反冲。他们的数据采集是在15个月的过程中完成的,这些数据将其与其它粒子的相互作用进行了校正。Akimov等人报告,CENS的行为方式符合物理学家长期怀疑的方式

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